Extranodal Marginal Zone / MALT

Extranodal Marginal zone – MALT lymphoma

 

§   Often a history of chronic inflammatory/ AI conditions

 

Sites of involvement

§   GI tract 50% - Stomach (H. Pylori)

§   Lung

§   Parotid (Sjogren’s syndrome)

§   Ocular adnexae (C. Psittaci)

§   Skin (assoc with Borrelia borgdorferi),

§   Thyroid (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis)

§   Breast

 

Clinical Features

§   Bone marrow involvement in 20%

§   May get multiple extranodal sites

 

Morphology

§        Lymph nodes

§        Infiltrate around reactive B-cell follicles

§        May spread out to form larger confluent areas and eventually overrun some of the follicles

§        Glandular tissue

§        Epithelium is often invaded

§        Lymphoepithelial lesions

 

Immunophenotype

§   Positive : CD20, CD79a, CD21, CD35

§   Negative : CD5, CD10, CD23, Cyclin D1

 

Genetics

§   t(11;18) - 20% of cases - only 20% of these patients regress with H. Pylori erradication (c.f. 70+ % when the cytogenetics are normal)

§   t(1;14) - less common

§   Both mutations cause activation of the NFkB pathway

Treatment

Gastric

§   Helicobacter eradication results in regression in 70%

§   Radiation sensitive

§   Single agent chlorambucil or R CVP

Non-Gastric

§   Usually indolent

§   May respond to surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy

 

 

Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma

 

Clinical Features

§   Lymphadenopathy

§   Careful history to exclude extranodal MALT lymphoma (present in 1/3)

§   Endoscopy

§   IgM monoclonal gammopathy may also occur

 

Morphology

§        Marginal zone and interfollicular areas infiltrated

§        2 types described

§        One resembles nodal involvement by MALT

§        One resembles SMZL

 

Immuno                                         

§   Similar to MALT

§   Cytogenetics not the same as MALT

 

§   Median survival 10 years

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