Staging for lymphoma
Ann Arbor |
Stage |
I | Involvement of a single LN or structure (spleen, thymus, Waldeyer’s ring) |
II | > LN regions on the same side of the diaphragm |
III | LNs on both sides of the diaphragm |
IV | Extranodal involvement (beyond E) |
Modifying factors |
A | No symptoms |
B | Fever, drenching night sweats, weight loss >10% in 6 months |
X | Bulky disease > 1/3 widening of mediastinum at T5-6; nodal mass >10cm |
E | Involvement of a single, continuous extranodal site |
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
International Prognostic Index
IPI factors (each scores 1) | Score | CR% | 5 Yr survival |
Age >60 | 0-1 = low risk | 87 | 73 |
ECOF Performance S >2 | 2 = intermediate risk | 67 | 51 |
LDH >N | 3 = high- intermediate risk | 55 | 43 |
Extranodal sites >1 | >4 = high risk | 44 | 26 |
Stage ¾ | | | |
Follicular (FLIPI) (compared to IPI)
IPI | FLIPI |
Age >60 Stage III/IV disease Raised LDH |
Performance status >2 nodal sites | Anaemia >5 nodal sites
|
Hodgkins Disease
EORTC risk factors - used for early stage disease |
Favourable | Unfavourable |
Clinical stage I or II (max 3 nodal areas) Age <50 ESR <50 or <30 with B symptoms Mediastinal ratio <0.35 | Clinical stage II with >4 nodal areas |
Hasenclever index – late stage Hodgkins disease |
Age >45 Male gender Serum albumin <40 g/L Hb <10.5 Stage IV disease WC >15 Lymphopenia <0.6 or 8% of WC |
CLL
Binet staging | |
A | up to 2 areas involved |
B | 3-5 areas involved |
C | anaemia <10 +/or thrombocytopenia <10 |
Rai staging | | Survival |
0 | No anaemia, thrombocytopenia or physical signs | 10 years |
I | Lymphadenopathy only | 7-9 years |
II | Splenomegaly +/or hepatomegaly with no LN involvement, anaemia or thrombocytopenia |
III | Hb <11 | 5 years |
IV | Plts <100
|
Myeloma
Staging
Salmon-Durie classification
Class | |
I | Hb >10.5 Ca normal No more than a solitary plasmacytoma Paraprotein IgG<50 / IgA<30 Urine light chains <4 |
II | Neither I or III |
III | Hb <8.5 Ca >3 More than 3 lytic lesions Paraprotein IgG>70 / IgA>50 Urine light chains >12 |
A or B depending on the presence of renal failure |
New International Prognostic Index (IPI)
§ Based on data from 8500 patients
Stage | Parameters | Median survival (months) |
I | B2M <3.5 and Alb >35 | 62 |
II | B2M <3.5 and Alb <35 Or B2M 3.5-5.5 | 44 |
III | B2M >5.5 | 29 |
Myelodysplasia
International prognostic scoring system
| 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 |
BM blasts | <5 | 5-10 | | 11-20 | >20 |
Karyotype | Good -Y, del(5q), del (20q) | Intermediate Others | Poor Complex (>3) or Chr 7 anomalies | | REABt no longer considered to part of MDS = AML with multilineage dysplasia |
Cytopenias Hb<10 N <1.8 plts <100 | 0 or 1 cell lines | 2 or 3 cell lines | | |
| Age <60 | Age >60 | Treatment |
Low risk = 0 | 11.8 years | 4.8 | Supportive care |
Intermediate risk 1 = 0.5 – 1 | 5.2 | 2.7 | Age <65 SCT work up (non ablative if >50) |
Intermediate risk 2 = 1.5 – 2 | 1.8 | 1.1 | Chemotherapy and SCT if respond (non responders have very poor prognosis |
Poor risk = >2 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
AML
Good risk | Standard | Poor |
t(8:21) inv(16) t(15:17) | 11q23 Normal karyotype +21 +8 | >15% blasts in marrow after first course of chemotherapy -5 / del 5q -7 abn (3q) t(9:22) Complex (5 or more abnormalities) |
35% relapse | | 76% relapse |
CML
Accelerated phase
Characterised by one or more of the following:
1. Blasts (10-19%) in blood or marrow
2. Basophils > 20%
3. Thrombocytopenia (<100) unrelated to treatment
4. Thrombocytosis (>1000) despite adequate therapy
5. Increasing WC and spleen unresponsive to therapy
Kantarajan criteria
1. 15-30% blasts in blood or marrow
2. >30% blasts and promyelocytes
3. >20% peripheral basophils
4. Platelet count <100 unrelated to treatment
Blast phase
Resembles acute leukaemia – can be made when
1. >20% blasts in blood or marrow
2. Extramedullary proliferation of blasts
3. Large aggregates or clusters of blasts on the trephine
§ 70% blast lineage is myeloid (neutrophilic, eosinophilic, basophilic, erythroid or megakaryocytic blasts)
§ 20-30% lymphoblasts
§ Rarely there can be simultaneous populations of myeloid and lymphoid blasts.
§ Immunophenotyping essential to delineate the blast lineage
Severity scoring
§ Sokal score (http://oncopda.com/sokal.htm)
a) Age
b) Spleen size
c) Blast percentage (1000 cell count)
d) Platelet count
§ High sokal score 68% probability of achieving CCyR cf. 84 and 91% for intermediate and low in IRIS
§ Euro / Hasford score modification to incorporate eosinophil and basophil counts