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Cell surface markers

CD1
  • Expressed on common thymocytes (not prothymocytes, immature thymocytes, mature thymocytes or mature T cells)


 

CD1a

  • Langerhans cells (cyt)

 

CD2

  • Pro and Pre T cells, T cells, thymocytes and NK cells
  • First line in both acute and chronic T cell malignancies

 

CD3

§   T cell marker

§   Cytoplasm of immature T cells and surface of more mature cells

§   Negative in NK cells

§   First line in acute T cell malignancies

§   Second line in chronic T cell disorders (proportion are negative for CD3)

 

CD4

§   T-helper cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, activated eosinophils and thymocytes

§   Second line in chronic T cell lymphoproliferative disorders (+ in ATLL, Sezary, and some T-PLL)

 

CD5

§   B and T cell marker

§   B cell malignancies - CLL, Mantle cell lymphoma

§   T cell - T-ALL

 

CD7

§   Pro and Pre T cells, T cells, thymocytes and NK cells

§   Also positive on some myeloblasts

§   Second line T cell marker in acute leukaemias

 

CD8

§   Cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, thymocytes

§   Second line in chronic T cell lymphoproliferative disorders

§   + in T-LGL leukaemia and some T-PLL (< than CD4), +/- in ALCL


CD9

  • Pre-B cells, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, activated T-cells
  • Mediates platelet aggregation via FCgRIIa


CD10

§   B lymphoid (acute leukaemia)

§   Positive in common ALL – negative in Prepre / precursor B-ALL

§   Germinal centre cells and neutrophils

§   + Follicular lymphoma (60%), Large cell lymphoma (25-50%) and Burkitt

§   + AIL T NHL

 


CD11b

  • Hairy cell leukaemia
  • Monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes

CD11c
  • NK cell / LGL leukaemia
  • Moncytic 

 


CD13

  • First line marker for AML
  • Monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
  • Can sometimes be expressed in B-ALL

 

CD14

§   Monocytoid marker (also positive on macrophages, subsets of granulocytes and B cells but less strongly)

 

CD15

§   Myeloid cells and monocytes

§   + in Hodgkin (Reed-Sternberg cells + in classical Hodkins) / - in B NHL lymphoma

 

CD16

§   NK cell / LGL leukaemia

 

CD19

§   B cell marker (first line in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders) – not positive in myeloma

 

CD20

§   Mature B cell marker

§   Negative in myeloma and weak in CLL

 

CD21

§   Mature B cell marker, follicular dendritic cells also a subset of thymocytes

 

CD22

§   B cell marker (first line in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders)

 

CD23

§   B cell marker (first line in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders)

 

CD 25

§   Activated T cells

§   HTLV-1 associated ATLL

§   Hairy cell leukaemia

 

CD30

§   + Reed – Sternberg cells – classical Hodkin’s

§   + Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

 

CD33

§   Second line marker for AML

§   + in all subtypes of AML except M6 (M7 is +/-)

 

CD34

§   Uncommitted haemopoietic progenitors (CD34+ / CD38-)

§   + in AML M0 / M1

§   +/- in AML M2,4, 7 and – in AML M3, M5, M6

 

CD38

§   Expression is a marker of initial lineage commitment

§   Plasma cell marker

 

CD40

§   B cell

 

CD41

§   Megakaryocitic marker – glycoprotein IIb

§   Second line marker for AML (+ in AML M7)

 

CD42

§   Promegakaryocytic / megakaryocytic / platelet – glycoprotein Ib

§   Second line marker for AML

 

CD45

§   Second line marker for non-lineage restricted haemopoietic cells

§   Negative in Hodgkins

 

CD45 RO

§   T cell marker

 

CD52

§   Target for campath / alemtuzumab

 

CD56

  • Negative in PNH
  • NK cells
  • Myeloma cells, some B cells
  • Aberrant expression in AML and CML

 

CD57

§   NK cells (particularly CD3+, CD8+)

 

CD61

§   Megakaryocitic (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa)

§   Second line marker for AML

 

CD64

§   Monocytic

 

CD68

§   Monocytic

 

CD71

§   Transferrin receptor

§   Erythroid marker

 

CD72 (DBA.44)

§   Hairy cell (+)

 

CD79a

§   Intracellular epitope of the alpha chain of the B-cell receptor

§   Highly sensitive and specific for B-lineage

§   Present from the earliest stages of B cell malignancy through to plasma cells (though a proportion of clonal plasma cells are negative)

 

CD 79b

§   Specific for B lineage

§   Reduced expression in CLL and hairy cell

 

CD117

§   First line marker for AML

§   c-kit receptor (receptor for stem cell growth factor)

§   Postive in 2/3 cases of AML and less than 5% of ALL (most of which also expressed other myeloid markers eg CD13 or 33 and corresponded to early T Pro ALL

 

CD138

§   Second line marker for acute B cell malignancies

§   Plasma cell marker

 

CD 235a (Glycophorin A)

§   Second line marker for AML

§   Erythroid marker (+ in M6 only)

 

CD246 (Alk)

§   Prognostic importance in anaplastic large cell lymphoma

 

BCL2

§   Follicular lymphoma B cells – reactive in germinal centres

§   Poor prognosis in DLBCL

 

BCL6

§   Nuclear transcription factor

§   Expressed by cytrocytes and centroblasts but not naïve B cells, mantle cells, memory B cells or plasmacells

§   Positive in Burkitt lymphoma, large-B cell lymphoma (good prognosis) and follicular lymphoma

§   Also undergoes mutations in somatic hypermutation as well as the IGV region

 

CytIg

§   Second line marker for acute B cell malignancies

 

Cyclin D1

§   Mantle cell lymphoma (t11;14 translocation) or B-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia

 

EBV-LMP1

§   EBV driven lymphomas

 

EMA (CD66a)

§   Plasma cells - +ve in anaplastic and large cell lymphoma

 

HLA DR 

§   AML and ALL

 

Kappa / lambda

§   Difficult to do technically – best done by in situ hybridisation

 

Mast cell tryptase

§   Mast cells

 

MIB1 / (Ki67)

§   Proliferation marker

§   Can be helpful distinguishing MCL from CLL (50%+ in MCL v rarely + in CLL)

 

MUM1

§   Plasma cells

§   Poor prognostic marker in DLBCL

 

MPO

§   Granulocytes

 

p21

§   Upregulation associated with p53 overexpression

 

SmIg

§   Second line marker for acute B cell malignancies

 

TdT

§   First line non lineage restricted marker in acute leukaemia

§   Nuclear enzyme

§   T-ALL or T-lymphoblastic lymphoma

§   NB negative in DLBCL, T-PLL

 

TRAP

§   Hairy cell lymphoma

 

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